,SP9N] ,OV]LAYS = ! ,LI SYMBOL
.=@.< ,OP5+ TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE 9DICATOR
.=@.> ,CLOS+ TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE
9DICATOR
.=^C ,COPY"R SIGN
.=^R ,REGI/]$ SIGN
.=^1 ,BOLDFACE ^W 9DICATOR
.=^7 ,BOLDFACE PASSAGE 9DICATOR
.=^' ,BOLDFACE T]M9ATOR
.=_4 ,BULLET
.=_/ ,SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%">
.="< ,OP5+ P>5!SIS
.="7 ,EQUALS
.="> ,CLOS+ P>5!SIS
.=.1 ,ITALIC ^W 9DICATOR
.=.7 ,ITALIC PASSAGE 9DICATOR
.=.' ,ITALIC T]M9ATOR
.=.- ,L[ L9E "<"USCORE">
.=,' ,CAPITALS T]M9ATOR
.=,, ,CAPITALS ^W 9DICATOR
.=,,, ,CAPITALS PASSAGE 9DICATOR
T#C
,,TRANSCRIB]',S ,,NOTES
,? VOLUME HAS BE5 TRANSCRIB$ AC TO
.7,! ,RULES ( ,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL1.'
,SECOND ,$I;N #BJAC4
,BLOCK$ P>AGRAPHS >E 9D5T$ 9 BRL4
,COLORS = ! SIXTE5-PO9T /> SYMBOLS
>E OMITT$4
,,,BOOK JACKET 9=MA;N,'
,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL1 ,9C4
,SP9N] ,OV]LAYS = ! ,LI*
,ASSI/ANT
^1,FRANK ^1,HAYD51 ,DIRECTOR (
,TE*NICAL @& ,MANUFACTUR+ ,RESE>*
^1,&REW ^1,M\LTON1 ,MANAG] ( ,TE*NICAL
@& ,MANUFACTUR+ ,RESE>*
^1,ROD ^1,DIXON1 ,MANUFACTUR+
,SPECIALI/
^7,AN?ONY ;,D4 ,J"OS1^' ,PHOTOGRAPHY
^1,AN?ONY ^1,SL[9SKI1 ,GRAPHIC ,DESIGN
,,APH^R ,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE =
! ,BL1 ,9C4
P#A
,SP9N] ,OV]LAYS II
= ! ,LIE AVAILABLE AT
WWW4APH4ORG_/MANUALS_/
,COPY"R ^C#BJAF BY ! ,AM]ICAN
,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL1 ALL "RS
RES]V$4
,PR9T$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA
,? PUBLICA;N IS PROTECT$ BY ,COPY"R
& P]MIS.N %D 2 OBTA9$ F ! PUBLI%]
PRIOR TO ANY REPRODUC;N1 /ORAGE 9 A
RETRIEVAL SY/EM1 OR TRANSMIS.N 9 ANY
=M OR BY ANY M1NS ELECTRONIC1
ME*ANICAL1 PHOTOCOPY+1 RECORD+1 OR
O!RWISE4
,= 9=MA;N REG>D+ P]MIS.N1 AII
3TACT ! PUBLI%] AT ! FOLL[+ ADDRESS3
,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE = ! ,BL
#AHCI ,FRANK=T ,AVE4
,L\ISVILLE1 ,,KY #DJBJF
#HJJ-#BBC-#AHCI
WWW4APH4ORG OR 9FO@AAPH4ORG
,REF];E CITA;N3 ,RAMELLA1 ;,B41
,H(FMANN1 ;,R41 @& ,SULLIVAN1 ;,S4
"<#BJAF">4 .7,SP9N] OV]LAYS = !
LIDS """"""""""""""""" #H
,9/RUC;NS = ,USE """""""""""""""""" #I
,REF];ES """"""""""""""""""""""""" #AC
,AC"KL$GE;TS IV
,! FOLL[+ FIELD TE/]S & _! /UD5T
LE>N]S PROVID$ VALUABLE "T & 9PUT DUR+
! DEVELOP;T ( ? PRODUCT3 ,W5DY ,DIXON
,B>B]1 ,PATRICE ,BU*ELI1 ,LIZ ,EAG5
,SATT]1 ,S>A ,$W>DS1 ,DEBRA ,F5TON1
,DANA ,GU?RIE1 ,L9DA ,KRAFT1 ,ELL5
,MAZEL1 ,DE,J1N ,MILL] ,MELTON1
,M>IESA ,MILLS1 ,LYNN ,P5S>I1 ,AM&A
,P]RY1 ,YUE-,T+ ,SIU1 ,LORI ,SP5S]1 &
,%>ON ,WOODS4
P#E
,SP9N] ,OV]LAYS #A
= ! ,LIN+
,! USE ( ? PRODUCT C SIMULATE FLA%+
LIN]S PR"O TO
SEIZURES BR"\ ON BY FLA%+ LIE
ADVIS$ TO USE ? PRODUCT ) CAU;N4
,PRODUCT ,OV]VIEW
,! ,SP9N] ,OV]LAYS = ! ,LIN]S DIAGNOS$ )
,CORTICAL ,VISUAL ,IMPAIR;T "<,,CVI">
OR L[ VI.N4 ,US+ COLOR1 LI PATT]N$ OV]LAYS3 BLACK OV]LAY
) AN OCTAGON PATT]N ( CLE> DOTS2
BLACK OV]LAY ) A BLACK & CLE>
P9:EEL PATT]N2 BLACK OV]LAY ) CLE>
DOT PATT]N4@.>
@.
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( ! ,,APH
,M9I-,LITE ,BOX@.>
@.
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( ! ,,APH ,LI
@.
,! ,SP9N] ,OV]LAY ,COLLEC;N #C
,FIVE EA* (
@$ST TRANSP>5T R$
@$ST TRANSP>5T YELL[
@$ST CLE>
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( CLE>1 YELL[1 &
R$ TRANSP>5T OV]LAYS4@.>
,TWO EA* (
@$ST TRANSP>5T GRE5
@$ST TRANSP>5T BLUE
@$ST TRANSP>5T ORANGE
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( ORANGE1 BLUE1 &
GRE5 TRANSP>5T OV]LAYS4@.>
,"O EA* (
@$ST MULTICOLOR /RIPE PATT]N
@$ST MULTICOLOR DOT PATT]N
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( A MULTICOLOR
/RIP$ OV]LAY & A MULTICOLOR DOT
OV]LAY4@.>
#C
,"O EA* ( A#C
@$ST PURPLE HE>T PATT]N
@$ST P9K HE>T PATT]N
@$ST R$ HE>T PATT]N
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( A CLE> OV]LAY )
R$ HE>TS1 A CLE> OV]LAY ) P9K
HE>TS1 & A CLE> OV]LAY ) PURPLE
HE>TS4@.>
------------------------------------#D
,"O EA* (
@$ST L>GE GRE5 %AMROCK PATT]N
@$ST SMALL GRE5 %AMROCK PATT]N
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( A CLE> OV]LAY )
SMALL GRE5 %AMROCKS1 & A CLE>
OV]LAY ) L>GE GRE5 %AMROCKS4@.>
,"O EA* (
@$ST YELL[ /> PATT]N
@$ST R$ /> PATT]N
@$ST BLUE /> PATT]N
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( A CLE> OV]LAY )
R$ />S1 A CLE> OV]LAY ) BLUE />S1
& A CLE> OV]LAY ) YELL[ />S4@.>
,"O EA* ( A#D
@$ST SP>KLE BLUE
@$ST SP>KLE R$
@$ST SP>KLE GRE5
@$ST SP>KLE YELL[
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( F\R SP>KLE
OV]LAYS 9 R$1 BLUE1 GRE51 &
YELL[4@.>
,"O EA* (
@$ST HOLOGRAPHIC BLUE
@$ST HOLOGRAPHIC R$
@$ST HOLOGRAPHIC GRE5
@$ST HOLOGRAPHIC YELL[
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( F\R HOLOGRAPHIC
OV]LAYS 9 R$1 BLUE1 GRE51 &
YELL[4@.>
------------------------------------#E
,A FEW ?"\S REG>D+ ! SP9N] OV]LAYS3
@$ST ,TO LET LID
/OCK & PAP] OV]LAYS1 PUN* OR CUT A
PATT]N ( HOLES Z NE$$4
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( ! ,,APH #E
,LI BLACK\T %EET F ! ,LEVEL
#A ,LIKLE
OV]LAY ) P]=A;NS TO LET LI
@$ST ,TO A*IEVE ! BE/ 8SP>KLE0
RESULTS1 %9E A FLA%LIKLE
& HOLOGRAPHIC SP9N]S F 2H A LE>N]
FAC+ ! ,LI
BLACK\T %EET F ! ,LEVEL #A ,LIKLE OV]LAY4 ,A FLA%LI
------------------------------------#F
@$ST ,PLACE "O OR M /ICK]S AL;G ! $GE
( ! SP9N] TO HELP LE>N]S LOCATE ":
TO 9ITIATE MOVE;T4
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( ! ,,APH ,LI
BLACK\T %EET F ! ,LEVEL #A A#F
,LIKLE OV]LAY4 ,Z A VISUAL LOCA;N
CUE1 ! $GE ( ! SP9N] IS HIGE R$ /ICK] PLAC$ AT ELEV5
O'CLOCK4@.>
------------------------------------#G
,PRE-CUT ,/ICK]S
,CU/OMIZE ! OV]LAYS BY CR1T+ PATT]NS
) ! PRE-CUT /ICK]S F ! COLLEC;N OR )
COMM]CIALLY AVAILABLE /ICK]S4
,! COLLEC;N 9CLUDES #AB EA* ( SMALL
SIZE /ICK]S & ?REE EA* ( L>GE SIZE
/ICK]S 9 BLUE1 R$1 GRE51 & YELL[
HOLOGRAPHIC ADHESIVE PAP]3
@$ST ,CIRCLES
@$ST ,TRIANGLES
@$ST ,PLUS SIGNS
@$ST ,/>S
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( A SAMPL+ ( #G
R$1 BLUE1 GRE51 & YELL[ A#G
PRECUT HOLOGRAPHIC ADHESIVE PAP]
/ICK]S %[+ L>GE & SMALL CIRCLES1
/>S1 PLUS SIGNS1 & TRIANGLES4@.>
,! COLLEC;N 9CLUDES #AB #H4-
E-BY-#J4HGE IN4 /RIPS 9 BLUE1 R$1
GRE51 & YELL[ HOLOGRAPHIC ADHESIVE
PAP]4
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( R$1 BLUE1 GRE51
& YELL[ PRECUT WIDE "<#H4-
E-BY-#J4HGE 94"> /RIPS (
HOLOGRAPHIC ADHESIVE PAP]
/ICK]S4@.>
,! COLLEC;N 9CLUDES EIR[
"<#H-BY-#J4BE IN4"> /RIPS (
HOLOGRAPHIC ADHESIVE PAP]
/ICK]S4@.>
,SUPPLE;TAL ,C>DS #H
,! COLLEC;N COMES ) EIDS
TO USE = CU/OMIZ$ T>GET IMAGES & "O
C>D ( EA* ( ! FOLL[+3
@$ST ,PURPLE HE>T
@$ST ,P9K HE>T
@$ST ,R$ HE>T
@$ST ,L>GE GRE5 %AMROCK
@$ST ,SMALL GRE5 %AMROCK
@$ST ,R$ />
@$ST ,BLUE />
@$ST ,YELL[ />
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( T5 SUPPLE;TAL
C>DS1 TWO BLANK & "O EA* ( PURPLE
HE>T1 P9K HE>T1 R$ HE>T1 L>GE GRE5
%AMROCK1 SMALL GRE5 %AMROCK1 R$
/>1 BLUE />1 & YELL[ />4@.>
#I
,9/RUC;NS = ,USE #I
,,CVI IS A NEUROLOGICAL VISUAL 4ORD]
SUSPECT$ BY
_4 A NORMAL OR CLOSE TO NORMAL EYE
EXAM9A;N T DOES N EXPLA9 VISUAL
P]=M.E2
_4 A M$ICAL HI/ORY : TYPICALLY 9CLUDES
NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS2 &
_4 ! PRES;E ( UNIQUE VISUAL &
2HAVIORAL "*I/ICS4
,! DEGREE ( ,,CVI C RANGE F MILD
" TO SEV]E
"4 ,! DEGREE (
NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE & ,,CVI DEP5DS ^U
! "T ( ONSET1 Z WELL Z ! LOCA;N &
9T5S;Y ( ! DAMAGE4 ,X IS A 3DI;N T
9DICATES T ! VISUAL SY/EMS ( ! BRA9 D
N 3SI/5TLY 9T]PRET OR "U/& :AT ! EYES
SEE4 ,! PRES;E ( ,,CVI IS N AN
9DICATOR ( ! *'S COGNITIVE ABIL;Y4 ,TO
R1D M AB ! UNIQUE VISUAL A#I
2HAVIORS ASSOCIAT$ ) ,,CVI1 VISIT !
,,APH ,,CVI ,WEB SITE4
,LE>N]S DIAGNOS$ ) ,,CVI >E *ALL5G$
9 "U/&+ OBJECTS & 3CEPTS "? USE ( _!
VI.N4 ,MAT]IALS & 5VIRON;TS MAY NE$ TO
2 ADAPT$ = LE>N]S 9 ORD] = !M TO 2
SU3ESS;L4 ,! ,SP9N] ,OV]LAYS =
-----------------------------------#AJ
! ,LIE UNIQUE 9 T ! P>5T OR
T1*] MAY DESIGN 9DIVIDUALIZ$ OV]LAYS =
EA* LE>N]4 ,LE>N]S :O DEMON/RATE _M
,,CVI "*I/ICS G5]ALLY NE$ A SIMPL]
DESIGN ?AN LE>N]S :O DEMON/RATE FEW
ATYPICAL VISUAL 2HAVIORS4 ,! /RATEGIES
2L BUILD ^U ! LE>N]'S /R5G?S & ASSI/ A
P>5T OR T1*] 9 "U/&+ : MAT]IALS A
LE>N] IS ATTRACT$ TO & MOTIVAT$ BY4
,= LE>N]S :O DEMON/RATE _M ,,CVI
2HAVIORS1 USE SIMPLE1 NON-COMPLEX
MAT]IALS4 ,*OOSE S+LE-COLOR$ VISUAL
T>GETS F ! COLLEC;N ( SP9N] OV]LAYS4
,USE A COLOR T ! LE>N] PREF]S1 Z
9DICAT$ BY P>5T REPORT OR ASSESS;T4
,PLACE MAT]IALS 9 ! LE>N]'S #AA
FAVOR$ VISUAL FIELD4 ,AF ATTA*+ A#AJ
! ,PLEXIGLAS^R ,SP9N] TO ! ,LI5T1
R$ SP>KLE1 YELL[ HOLOGRAPHIC &
YELL[ SP>KLE OV]LAYS4@.>
,PLACE ! RECTANGUL> BLACK\T %EET F !
,LEVEL #A ,LI.D !
SP9N] ON ! ,LI BLACK\T %EET F ! ,LEVEL
#A ,LI
-----------------------------------#AA
,3SID] ! 5VIRON;T ": Y "W ) ! LE>N]4
,ELIM9ATE VISUAL COMPLEX;Y 9 ! "WSPACE
BY PLAC+ AN ,,APH ,9VISIBO>D 2H !
,LIN]'S A#AA
USE ( 8BE/ VI.N40
,DESCRIBE ! VISUAL "*I/ICS ( ! T>GET
TO ! LE>N] & PROVIDE MOVE;T BY TURN+ !
SP9N]4 ,ASK ! LE>N] TO 8LOOK = ! R$
SP9N]0 & !N WAIT = ! LE>N] TO RESPOND4
,RESPONSES MAY V>Y F A SUBTLE 8/ILL+0
( ! LE>N] TO AN ACTUAL H1D TURN T[>D !
T>GET4 ,! LE>N] MAY REQUIRE 8WAIT "T10
S 2 PATI5T = ! REAC;N4 ,AF ! LE>N]
LOSES VISUAL 9T]E/ OR FATIGUES1
PROVIDE A VISUAL BR1K4 ,TAKE NOTE ( !
COLOR ( ! T>GET1 ! NUMB] ( "TS ! LE>N]
0 ABLE TO REG>D ! T>GET1 H[ L;G Y
WAIT$ = A REAC;N1 & ! 5VIRON;T 9 : Y
"W$4 ,%>E YR OBS]VA;NS ) ! $UCA;NAL
T1M TO FACILITATE BUILD+ ADDI;NAL
ACTIVITIES F ? BASEL9E 9=MA;N4
,ONCE A LE>N] HAS DEVELOP$ A VISUAL
CURIOS;Y = ! OV]LAYS1 5C\RAGE HM TO
R1* T[>D ! T>GET TO MAKE "S?+ HAPP54
,PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES = ! LE>N] TO
COMB9E LOOK1 T\*1 & R1* TO 9ITIATE
MOVE;T ( ! SP9N]4
#AC
,:5 ! LE>N] DEMON/RATES 3SI/5T #AB
SU3ESS1 REASSESS TO DET]M9E IF HE C
ATT5D TO M COMPLEX T>GETS4
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( F\R OV]LAYS )
MID-LEVEL COMPLEX;Y3 A R$
HOLOGRAPHIC OV]LAY ) P]=A;NS1
BLACK & CLE> DOT OV]LAY1 CLE>
OV]LAY ) YELL[ />S1 & BLACK P9:EEL
OV]LAY ON TOP ( A YELL[ SP>KLE
OV]LAY4@.>
,FOLL[ 8 L1D TO CR1TE NEW COMB9A;NS
( OV]LAYS & /ICK]S TO 9ITIATE !
LOOK-T\*-9T]ACT SEQU;E4 ,Z EA* LEVEL (
SU3ESS IS A*IEV$1 REEXAM9E ! "WSPACE
TO DET]M9E ! LEVEL ( 5VIRON;TAL
COMPLEX;Y TOL]AT$ BY ! LE>N]4
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( FIVE OV]LAYS )
HI< COMPLEX;Y PATT]NS3 MULTICOLOR
/RIPE OV]LAY MODIFI$ ) YELL[ & R$
/ICK] /RIPS2 BLUE HOLOGRAPHIC
OV]LAY MODIFI$ ) GRE5 /ICK] /RIPS2
MULTICOLOR DOT OV]LAY ON TOP (
GRE5 HOLOGRAPHIC OV]LAY2 GRE5
HOLOGRAPHIC OV]LAY MODIFI$ ) R$
HE>T & /> /ICK]S2 & CLE> OV]LAYS )
GRE5 %AMROCK PATT]NS ON TOP A#AB
( R$ HOLOGRAPHIC OV]LAY4@.>
,2 SURE TO UPDATE ! LE>N]'S $UCA;NAL
T1M Z ^! FACTORS >E DET]M9$4 ,? 9=MA;N
W HELP TO GUIDE A3OMMODA;NS MADE "?\T
! LE>N]'S 5TIRE "D1 :5 "W+ 9DEP5D5TLY
OR ) 8 T1M4
,Z ! LE>N] 9CR1SES 8 "U/&+ (
TWO-DIM5.NAL MAT]IALS1 USE !
,SUPPLE;TAL ,C>DS TO 5C\RAGE VISUAL
4CRIM9A;N 2T SAME & DI6]5T1 TO
VISUALLY RECOGNIZE A "ND OBJECT1 OR TO
5C\RAGE A VISUALLY GUID$ R1* TO A
T>GET PRES5T$ ON A COMPLEX BACKGR.D4
,TWO SP9N]S 4PLAY$ NEXT TO EA* O!R ON
"O ,LIISON = COLOR1 %APE1
OR SIZE4
@.<,PHOTOGRAPH ( ! ,,APH ,LITS & %AMROCKS">4 ,!
PHOTOGRAPH DEMON/RATES ! USE ( A
,SUPPLE;TAL C>D ) A HE>T : MAT*ES
! HE>TS ON "O ( ! #AE
OV]LAYS4@.> B#AB
-----------------------------------#AC
,REF];ES
,JAN1 ;,J4 ;,E41 ,GRO5VELD1 ;,M41
,SYK&A1 ,A4 ;,M41 @& ,HOYT1 ;,C4
;,S4 "<#AIHG">4 ,2HAVI\RAL "*I/ICS (
*N ) P]MAN5T CORTICAL VISUAL
IMPAIR;T4 .7,DEVELOP;TAL ,M$IC9E &
,* ,NEUROLOGY1 #BI1.' #EGA-#EGF4
,LUECK1 ,A4 ;,H41 @& ,DUTTON1 ;,G4
;,N4 "<,$S4">4 "<#BJAE">4 .7,VI.N &
! BRA93 ,"U/&+ C]EBRAL VISUAL
IMPAIR;T 9 *N.'4 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,,NY3
,,AFB ,PRESS4
,ROMAN-,LANTZY1 ;,C4 "<#BJJG">4
.7,CORTICAL VISUAL IMPAIR;T3 ,AN
APPROA* TO ASSESS;T & 9T]V5;N.'4
,NEW ,YORK1 ,,NY3 ,,AFB ,PRESS4